自由落体、美国、自由市场以及全球经济的沉没JOSEPHE.STIGLITZ FREEFALL azw3 chm 地址 kindle 阿里云 下载 umd pdf

　　An incisive look at the global economic crisis, our flawed response, and the implications for the world’s future prosperity. The Great Recession, as it has come to be called, has impacted more people worldwide than any crisis since the Great Depression. Flawed government policy and unscrupulous personal and corporate behavior in the United States created the current financial meltdown, which was exported across the globe with devastating consequences. The crisis has sparked an essential debate about America’s economic missteps, the soundness of this country’s economy, and even the appropriate shape of a capitalist system.

Few are more qualified to comment during this turbulent time than Joseph E. Stiglitz. Winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in 　　Economics, Stiglitz is “an insanely great economist, in ways you can’t really appreciate unless you’re deep into the field” (Paul Krugman, New York Times). In Freefall, Stiglitz traces the origins of the Great Recession, eschewing easy answers and demolishing the contention that America needs more billion-dollar bailouts and free passes to those “too big to fail,” while also outlining the alternatives and revealing that even now there are choices ahead that can make a difference. The system is broken, and we can only fix it by examining the underlying theories that have led us into this new “bubble capitalism.”

Ranging across a host of topics that bear on the crisis, Stiglitz argues convincingly for a restoration of the balance between government and markets. America as a nation faces huge challenges—in health care, energy, the environment, education, and manufacturing—and Stiglitz penetratingly addresses each in light of the newly emerging global economic order. An ongoing war of ideas over the most effective type of capitalist system, as well as a rebalancing of global economic power, is shaping that order. The battle may finally give the lie to theories of a “rational” market or to the view that America’s global economic dominance is inevitable and unassailable.

For anyone watching with indignation while a reckless Wall Street destroyed homes, educations, and jobs; while the government took half-steps hoping for a “just-enough” recovery; and while bankers fell all over themselves claiming not to have seen what was coming, then sought government bailouts while resisting regulation that would make future crises less likely, Freefall offers a clear accounting of why so many Americans feel disillusioned today and how we can realize a prosperous economy and a moral society for the future.

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Joseph Stiglitz was Chief Economist at the World Bank until January 2000. He is currently University Professor of the Columbia Business School and Chair of the Management Board and Director of Graduate Summer Programs, Brooks World Poverty Institute, University of Manchester. He won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2001 and is the author of the best-selling Globalization and Its Discontents, The Roaring Nineties, and Making Globalization Work, all published by Penguin.

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用图难代的波动是的发货产来防这些经济波动対自己的影这

国家不再向国际货币基金组织求援的一种

不受一位受1997年全球金融危机伤我说过。我们经历了197年的危机，知道如果没有足

将会发生什么。”

生产国也在积累着外汇储备，因为它们知道高油价是不全持的。对于另外一些国家积累外汇储备还有其他原因。发家经常告知它们最好的发展方式是出口导向型的增长方式世界组织（WTO）新的贸易规则下，很多发展中国家曾经用来造新产业的传统政策工具都消失了，这使得这些国家转而求助于使其汇率更具竞争力的政策。这就意味着它们要买入美元，卖出它们自記的货币，从而积累很多的外汇储备。

这些都是很好的积累外汇储备的理由，但是它们有一个曹的后果：全球需求的不足。在危机前的每一年都有5000亿美元，甚至更多被作为備备资产搁置起来。有一段时间，美国通过负债性的挥消费（花得比挣得多）在一定程度上缓解了问题。美国成了世界的最后消费者，但这是不可持续的。

全球危机由于接近1/4的美国抵押贷款产品在国外，因此，我们对危机速在全球蔓延就不应该感到惊讶了。2这还不经意地帮助了美国，如果外国机构没有购买那么多“有毒”产品和债券，美国的情况可能会更加糟糕。“但是，最重要的还是美国输出的去监管化思想，如不

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作者简介

　　Winner of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics, Joseph E. Stiglitz is the author of Making Globalization Work; Globalization and Its Discontents; and, with

Linda Bilmes, The Three Trillion Dollar War. He was chairman of President Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers and served as senior vice president and chief economist at the World Bank. He teaches at Columbia University and lives in New York City.

书籍介绍

This devastating and inspiring book, by one of the world's leading economic thinkers, lays out not only the course of the financial crisis which began in 2007, but its underlying causes, and shows why much more radical reforms are needed than are currently being contemplated if we are to avoid similar 'systemic' crises in the future. It shows why the bailout has been only marginally effective and how it could have been much more so, and outlines the enormous opportunity - not yet taken - to design a new global financial architecture. It is highly critical of many of the actions not only of George Bush's administration, but also of Barack Obama's. It shows why the bulk of the cost of recovery should be borne by those in the financial sector - not just for reasons of natural justice, but for compelling economic reasons also. More than any of this, it reminds readers to think constantly about what economies are for, and the human purposes they serve. Freefall is an instant classic, combining an enthralling whodunit account of the current crisis with a bracing discussion of the broader economic issues at stake.